Search results for "Chloral Hydrate"

Comparison of the effects of chloral hydrate and trichlorethanol on the EEG of the isolated perfused rat brain.

1973

An isolated perfused rat brain preparation was used to compare the effects of chloral hydrate and its metabolite trichloroethanol on the EEG. The concentrations of chloral hydrate and trichloroethanol in the perfusion medium ranged from 1.5 to 5.5 mM. 5, 10, 15, and 30 min after the beginning of the perfusions EEG-recordings were taken. The recordings were evaluated both by a descriptive method and by a simple quantitative appraoch, counting the waves with an amplitude greater than 50 microvolts and averaging this value for a period of 1 sec. The following results were obtained: Both drugs exhibited CNS depressant activity. Between 5 and 10 min of perfusion the effect of trichloroethanol wa…

ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Formation of a 1,2-Dichloroacenaphthylene in a Friedel-Crafts Reaction with Chloral Hydrate.

2012

Unexpected Formation of a 1,2-Dichloroacenaphthylene in a Friedel-Crafts Reaction with Chloral Hydrate

2012

An unprecedented rearrangement was encountered during an attempted alkylation of an electron-rich naphthalene with chloral hydrate. The reaction produced a dichlorinated acenaphthylene and presumably involves the intermediate formation of a chloronium ion which is opened to produce the five-membered ring of the final product.

Randomised double-blind clinical trial of intermediate- versus high-dose chloral hydrate for neuroimaging of children.

1995

Orally administered chloral hydrate is the most widely used sedative in children undergoing MRI. We compared intermediate- and high-dose oral chloral hydrate in 97 consecutive children undergoing MRI in a prospective, controlled, double-blind, randomised clinical trial. There were 50 girls and 47 boys, mean weight (+/- SD) 14.7 +/- 6.4 kg, and mean age 38 +/- 31. The children were randomly allocated to receive chloral hydrate syrup either 70 mg/kg (group A, n = 50) or 100 mg/kg (group B, n = 47). These two groups were not significantly different in sex, weight, age, diagnosis or ambulatory medication. The mean initial dose (+/- SEM) was 64 +/- 2 mg/kg for group A and 93 +/- 2 mg/kg for grou…

Cerebral blood flow autoregulation during hypobaric hypotension assessed by laser Doppler scanning.

1994

Hypobaric hypotension was used to reduce systemic blood pressure in rats below the lower threshold of CBF autoregulation to evaluate a new laser Doppler (LD) “scanning” technique. Spontaneously breathing male Wistar Kyoto rats (n = 8) were anesthetized with chloral hydrate and the head fixed in a stereotaxic head holder. A cranial window with intact dura mater was introduced to assess local CBF (lCBF) by LD. One stationary probe served to detect rapid flow changes, whereas the second probe was used to sample lCBF recordings from many cortical locations by means of a stepping motor-controlled micromanipulator to obtain lCBF frequency histograms. Advantages are an improved spatial resolution…

Oral chloral hydrate provides effective and safe sedation in paediatric magnetic resonance imaging.

1994

SUMMARY Sedation is routinely required for successful Magnetic Resonance imaging in infants and children. Five hundred and ninety-six paediatric patients (270 female and 326 male, age (mean±SD) 41±30 months and weight 14.8±6.5 kg) entered an open, non-comparative, prospective study to assess oral chloral hydrate sedation in a large and homogeneous paediatric population undergoing Magnetic Resonance imaging. Chloral hydrate syrup 70 mg/ml was administered 20–40 min prior to the procedure. Effective sedation was reached in 94.1% with a total dose (mean±SEM) of 68±1 mg/kg (range 20–170 mg/kg). Statistical analysis of sedation failures vs. successful examinations after the total dose showed sig…

Comparative study of the effects of chloral hydrate and trichloroethanol on cerebral metabolism

1973

The isolated perfused rat brain was used for a comparative study of the effects of chloral hydrate and trichloroethanol on cerebral energy metabolism. After a perfusion period of 30 min the brain levels of the following substrates and metabolites were measured spectrophotometrically: P-creatine, creatine, ATP, ADP, AMP, glycogen, glucose, glucose-6-P, fructose diphosphate, α-glycero-P, dihydroxyacetone-P, pyruvate, lactate, glutamate, α-ketoglutarate and ammonia. Furthermore, the concentration of chloral hydrate and trichloroethanol in the isolated brain and in the perfusion medium was measured colorimetrically. Little more than 10% of chloral hydrate in the isolated brain and in the perfus…

2002

Summary Background. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been under dis- cussion as additional treatment option for malignant gliomas. How- ever, damage not only to tumour tissue but also to normal brain has been demonstrated. The mechanisms of this unwanted side eect have not yet been clearly identified. Spreading of photosensitiser with oedema after disruption of the blood-brain-barrier and poten- tial sensitisation of normal tissue has been foundpreviously. The present study investigates the time- and dose-dependency of normal tissue damage to photodynamic therapy using Photofrin II9 after disruption of the blood-brain-barrier. Methods. Male wistar rats anaesthetisedwith chloral hydrate were s…

Effect of Injectable or Inhalational Anesthetics and of Neuroleptic, Neuroleptanalgesic, and Sedative Agents on Tumor Blood Flow

1988

Among other parameters, varying blood flow values may be responsible for tumor-to-tumor variabilities in the radiobiologically hypoxic cell fraction of experimental rodent tumors. To test whether changes in tumor blood flow may be caused by anesthetic agents often used in radiobiology, the effect of injectable and inhalational anesthetics and of neuroleptic, neuroleptanalgesic, and sedative agents on blood flow in subcutaneous DS-carcinosarcomas implanted in Sprague-Dawley rats has been investigated using the 85Kr clearance technique. In conscious rats, 20-100 min after animal instrumentation mean blood flow is 0.62 +/- 0.17 ml/g/min (mean +/- SD) in 0.75 +/- 0.15 g tumors at a mean arteria…

Anesthesia for Euthanasia Influences mRNA Expression in Healthy Mice and after Traumatic Brain Injury

2014

Tissue sampling for gene expression analysis is usually performed under general anesthesia. Anesthetics are known to modulate hemodynamics, receptor-mediated signaling cascades, and outcome parameters. The present study determined the influence of anesthetic paradigms typically used for euthanization and tissue sampling on cerebral mRNA expression in mice. Naïve mice and animals with acute traumatic brain injury induced by controlled cortical impact (CCI) were randomized to the following euthanasia protocols (n=10-11/group): no anesthesia (NA), 1 min of 4 vol% isoflurane in room air (ISO), 3 min of a combination of 5 mg/kg midazolam, 0.05 mg/kg fentanyl, and 0.5 mg/kg medetomidine intraperi…